Senin, 08 Juni 2009
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01.58
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The formula of Simple Past Tense :
(+ ) S + Verb 2 + O.
( - ) S + did not + Verb 1 + O.
(? )Did + S + Verb 1 + O.
Simple past tense used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
Simple past tense also used to tell a story. The time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago ,long time ago, and last.
Example :
(+ ) Ichsan went to Singapore last year.
( - ) Ichsan did not go to Singapore last year.
(? ) Did Ichsan go to Singapore last year?
(+ ) They came to my house the day before yesterday.
( - ) They did not come to my house the day before yesterday.
(? ) Did they come to my house the day before yesterday?
(+ ) Salahudin bought a new car yesterday.
( - ) salahudin did not buy a new car yesterday.
(? ) Did Salahudin buy a new car yesterday?
(+ ) You left me alone last week.
( - ) You did not leave me alone last week.
(? ) Did you leave me alone last week?
Note :
1. In positive sentences, all of the main verb in the verb II (past tense).
2. In negative sentences, all of the main verb in the verb I.
Descriptive text is a kind of text to describe a particular person, place or thing.
The generic structure of Descriptive text :
Ø Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.
Ø Description :
Describes part qualities and characteristic.
Linguistic features :
Specific participants.
Linking verbs.
Simple present.
Adjective.
Noun phrase.
Example of Descriptive text :
My lovely home
My house is only a five minutes walk from school.
It’s not very big, but very cosy and quiet. This is the place where we can relase and find our own space. In our home, we really enjoy our relaxing time from the pressure of school and work.
It has a nice and warm living room. There is a beautiful painting of scenery hanging on the wall. My father is a keen gardener. He puts some pots of indoor plants near the door. In a low cabinet, you will see the trophies, pictures of my family, small toys,and some books.
I am lucky to have a room to myself. I paint the wall olive green. It’s my favourite colour. There is desk. I do my homework there. I also put a portable radio-tape there.
The kitchen is my mother’s domain. My mother keeps it clean all day. There is a blue wall cabinet in it. It harmonizes with the grey wall tiles.
However, only few will give my home a second glance. Still we are very proud of it. It many not be a perfect one but, all the same, it is home sweet home.
Rabu, 03 Juni 2009
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04.49
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Advertisement is information for persuading and motivating people so that will attract them to the service and the things that offered or informed.
Function of Advertisement :
Promotion.
Comunication.
Information.
Language of Advertisement keep the following points :
· Using the correct or suitable words.
· Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
· Using positive expression.
· Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.
Content of Advertisement :
v Objective and honest.
v Brief and clear.
v Not allude group or other producer.
v Attract attention.
Media of Advertisement :
§ By television.
§ By radio.
§ Bilboard.
§ Leaflet.
§ Famflet.
§ Newspaper.
§ Magazine.
Kinds of Advertisement :
Ø Family advertisement.
Ø Invitation advertisement.
Ø Announcement advertisement.
Ø Article advertisement.
Ø Requested advertisement.
Ø Sponsored advertisement.
Ø Offer advertisement.
A noun phrase is other a single noun or any group of words containing noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of averb.
For example, ‘they’ , ‘books’, and ‘the books’, are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
- Structure of Noun Phrases:
• A beautiful old painting on the wall
When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them, you put adjectives in front of the first noun.
Example : We just spoke with a young American boy
Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (base + ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.
Example : Passing the exam reading a book
Announcements ( pengumuman) dalam bahasa indonesi adalah pemberitahuan resmi tentang sesuatu supaya di ketahui orang banyak/Orang banyak.
Example :
“Announcement”
This is a new school year. Many new students are around and they need to know our school rules. Please be helpful to them and extend courtesy to their parents. Thank you.
Senin, 01 Juni 2009
di
00.03
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Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive Level: lower intermediateTense Subject Verb Object
Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Rita.
Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Rita.
Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.
Future I Active: Rita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter.
Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.
Examples of Passive Level: upper intermediateTense Subject Verb Object
Present Progressive Active: Rita is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.
Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.
Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter.
Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.
Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter.
Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.
Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter.
Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2
Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.
Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.
Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
Sabtu, 30 Mei 2009
di
20.16
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Giving instructions is use to order to do something to some one.
Kinds of Giving Instructions :
Verb 1 :
Example : 1. Wash your hand !
2. Eat your meal !
3. Sit down !
Be + adjective/ noun
Example : 1. Be your self !
2. Be a good student !
3. Be happy !
4. Be strong !
Don’t + v. infinitive
Example : 1. Don’t eat !
2. Don’t forget !
No+ verb (ing)
Example : 1. No smooking !
2. No swimming !
Notes : 1. Use to make the intruction more explicit.
2. Use word please to make the intruction more polite.
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